Chess pieces names in english update#
Chess pieces names in english professional#

The Mongols call the game shatar, and in Ethiopia it is called senterej, both evidently derived from shatranj.Ĭhess spread directly from the Middle East to Russia, where chess became known as шахматы ( shakhmaty, literally 'checkmates', a plurale tantum). From the first chessmen known of in Western Europe (except Iberia and Greece) being ornamental chess kings brought in as curios by Muslim traders.From the exclamation 'check' or 'checkmate' as it was pronounced in various languages.Thus, the game came to be called lūdus scacc(h)ōrum or scacc(h)ī in Latin, scacchi in Italian, escacs in Catalan, échecs in French ( Old French eschecs), schaken in Dutch, Schach in German, szachy in Polish, šahs in Latvian, skak in Danish, sjakk in Norwegian, schack in Swedish, šakki in Finnish, šah in South Slavic languages, sakk in Hungarian and şah in Romanian there are two theories about why this change happened: The Moors of North Africa rendered the Persian term 'shatranj' as shaṭerej, which gave rise to the Spanish acedrex, axedrez and ajedrez in Portuguese it became xadrez, and in Greek zatrikion ( ζατρίκιον), but in the rest of Europe it was replaced by versions of the Persian shāh ('king'). The game was taken up by the Muslim world after the early Arab Muslims conquered the Sassanid Empire, with the pieces largely keeping their Persian names. These exclamations persisted in chess as it traveled to other lands.

The rules were developed further during this time players started calling 'Shāh!' ( Persian for 'King!') when attacking the opponent's king, and 'Shāh Māt!' (Persian for 'the king is helpless' – see checkmate) when the king was attacked and could not escape from attack. Around 600 CE in Sassanid Persia, the name for the game became chatrang ( Persian: چترنگ), which subsequently evolved to shatranj ( Arabic: شطرنج Persian: شترنج) after the conquest of Persia by the Rashidun Caliphate, due to the lack of native 'ch' and 'ng' sounds in the Arabic language. Ĭhess was introduced to Persia from India and became a part of the princely or courtly education of Persian nobility. These forms are represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively. There, its early form in the 7th century CE was known as chaturaṅga ( Sanskrit: चतुरङ्ग), which translates to 'four divisions (of the military)': infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry. Online chess, which first appeared in the mid-1990s, also became popular in the 21st century. Later developments in the 21st century made the use of computer analysis far surpassing the ability of any human player accessible to the public.

Chess pieces names in english professional#

Since then, computer analysis – which originated in the 1970s with the first programmed chess games on the market – has contributed to much of the development in chess theory and has become an important part of preparation in professional human chess. In 1997, an IBM supercomputer beat Garry Kasparov, the then world chess champion, in the famous Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov match, ushering the game into an era of computer domination. The 20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess Federation. In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began, and the first official World Chess Championship was held in 1886.

The Romantic era of play was followed by the Scientific, Hypermodern, and New Dynamism eras. Chess games of this period emphasized quick, tactical maneuvers rather than long-term strategic planning. ' Romantic chess' was the predominant playing style from the late 18th century to the 1880s. The game evolved roughly into its current form by about 1500 CE.

Following the Arab invasion and conquest of Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to Europe via Spain ( Al Andalus) and Italy ( Emirate of Sicily).

From India it spread to Persia, where it was modified in terms of shapes and rules and developed into Shatranj. The history of chess can be traced back nearly 1,500 years to its earliest known predecessor, called chaturanga, in India its prehistory is the subject of speculation. The 12th-century Lewis chessmen in the collection of the National Museum of Scotland

Chess pieces names in english update#

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.